伪重复 [Pseudoreplication]
定义: 伪重复，是指数据缺乏统计独立性，导致样本量被夸大的现象（即重复测量次数）。例如，从同一实验单元（例如，参与者或农作物）中收集多个数据点。为克服此问题可以对重复测量样本取平均值（例如，计算参与者的平均反应时），或构建混合效应模型，通过随机效应结构校正伪重复（例如，将同一参与者的所有反应时归为一组）。需注意，前一种方法可能会导致信息与统计功效的损失。
相关术语: Confounding, Generalizability, Replication, Validity
参考文献:
- Davies, G. M., & Gray, A. (2015). Don’t let spurious accusations of pseudoreplication limit our ability to learn from natural experiments (and other messy kinds of ecological monitoring). Ecology and Evolution, 5(22), 5295–5304. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1782
- Hurlbert, S. H. (1984). Pseudoreplication and the Design of Ecological Field Experiments. Ecological Monographs, 54(2), 187–211. https://doi.org/10.2307/1942661
- Lazic, S. E. (2019). Genuine replication and pseudoreplication: What’s the difference? In BMJ Open Science. https://blogs.bmj.com/openscience/2019/09/16/genuine-replication-and-pseudoreplication-whats-the-difference/
原稿作者: Ben Farrar
审阅者: Jamie P. Cockcroft, Mahmoud Elsherif, Elias Garcia-Pelegrin, Annalise A. LaPlume
翻译者: AI-driven translation tool "TransFlow" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)
译稿审阅者: Zixi Wang, Liangjie Chen, Ruoting Liu, Shuxian Jin