效度 [Validity]

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定义: 效度是指运用统计学原理得出具有充分依据——即很可能准确反映现实世界——的概念、结论或测量的过程。在心理测量学中，它衡量的是测量工具达成其预设目标的程度。效度包含多种类型，例如内部效度、结构效度（又称构念效度）、表面效度、效标效度、诊断性效度、区分效度（又称判别效度）、同时效度、聚合效度（又称收敛效度）、预测效度以及外部效度。

相关术语: Causality, Construct validity, Content validity, Criterion validity, External validity, Face validity, Internal validity, Measurement, Questionable Measurement Practices (QMP), Psychometry, Reliability, Statistical power, Statistical validity, Test

参考文献:

  • Campbell, D. T. (1957). Factors relevant to the validity of experiments in social settings. Psychological Bulletin, 54(4), 297–312. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040950
  • Kelley, T. L. (1927). Interpretation of educational measurements. Macmillan.

原稿作者: Tamara Kalandadze; Madeleine Pownall; Flávio Azevedo

审阅者: Eduardo Garcia-Garzon, Halil E. Kocalar, Annalise A. LaPlume, Joanne McCuaig, Adam Parker, Charlotte R. Pennington

翻译者: AI-driven translation tool "TransFlow" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)

译稿审阅者: Yu Xu, Liangjie Chen, Ruoting Liu, Xiujuan Wen, Shuxian Jin