激励机制 [Incentive structure]
定义: 针对科学家及其研究成果的评价与激励机制（包括显性和隐性层面），涵盖了科研人才选拔与晋升机制，资助授予记录，以及声望评价指标（例如，在高影响因子期刊发表论文、受邀进行学术报告、担任期刊编辑、获得学术奖项等）。然而，人们普遍认为这些评价标准与科学研究的本质目标相背离，因而难以推动严谨的科研成果产出。为此，《旧金山科研评估宣言》等改革倡议应运而生，倡导推动学界减少对期刊影响因子等量化指标的依赖，转而建立以科研成果内在价值为核心的评价体系。
相关术语: DORA, Metrics, Pressure, Publish or perish, Quantity, Reward structure, Scientific publications, Slow science, Structural factors
参考文献:
- Koole, S. L., & Lakens, D. (2012). Rewarding replications: A sure and simple way to improve psychological science. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(6), 608–614. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612462586
- Nosek, B. A., Spies, J. R., & Motyl, M. (2012). Scientific utopia: II. Restructuring incentives and practices to promote truth over publishability. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(6), 615–631. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612459058
- Schönbrodt, F. (2019). Training students for the Open Science future. Nature Human Behaviour, 3(10), 1031–1031. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0726-z
- Smaldino, P. E., & McElreath, R. (2016). The natural selection of bad science. Royal Society Open Science, 3(9), 160384. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160384
原稿作者: Charlotte R. Pennington; Olmo van den Akker
审阅者: Helena Hartmann, Flávio Azevedo, Robert M. Ross, Graham Reid, Suzanne L. K. Stewart
翻译者: AI-driven translation tool "TransFlow" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)
译稿审阅者: Xuejun Ryan Ji, Liangjie Chen, Ruoting Liu, Shuxian Jin