社会阶层 [Social class]
定义: 根据美国心理学会（American Psychological Association, Task Force on Socioeconomic Status, 2007）的建议，社会阶层的测量通常需要结合客观与主观方法的方法。因为主客观社会阶层可能存在差异，例如，个体的客观社会经济地位可能较高，但其主观阶层认同仍可能属于工人阶级。区别于仅关注单一指标（如教育或收入）的传统测量方式，个体的社会阶层应该被视为教育、收入、职业声望、主观社会地位及自我社会阶层认同的综合体。社会阶层亦具文化维度属性，因其相对稳定，变化通常缓慢且需历时多年。这一变量对学业成就具有重要影响。例如，工薪阶层学生常因生活环境差异及更多经济约束，较之中产阶级学生更难融入校园社交环境（Rubin, 2021）。时间与金钱的匮乏限制了其大学社交体验。他们往往需兼职谋生，导致投入学业及同辈社交的时间减少，也无力承担社交活动（如餐饮）的支出。
相关术语: Social integration
参考文献:
- Evans, O., & Rubin, M. (2021). In a Class on Their Own: Investigating the Role of Social Integration in the Association Between Social Class and Mental Well-Being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 014616722110211. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672211021190
- Rubin, M., Evans, O., & McGuffog, R. (2019). Social class differences in social integration at university: Implications for academic outcomes and mental health. In J. Jetten & K. Peters (Eds.), The social psychology of inequality (pp. 87–102). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28856-3_6
- Rubin, M. (2021). Explaining the association between subjective social status and mental health among university students using an impact ratings approach. SN Social Sciences, 1(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-020-00031-3
原稿作者: Mahmoud Elsherif
审阅者: Leticia Micheli, Eliza Woodward, Julika Wolska, Gerald Vineyard, Yu-Fang Yang
翻译者: AI-driven translation tool "TransFlow" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)
译稿审阅者: Yu Xu, Liangjie Chen, Ruoting Liu, Xiujuan Wen, Shuxian Jin