等效性检验 [Equivalence Testing]
定义: 等效性检验通过统计学方法评估一个零假设，即给定效应量超过了被视为有意义的最小标准值。因而，拒绝零假设则表明缺乏（有实际意义的）效应。等效性检验基于频率学派，设定等效界限，即研究者感兴趣的最小效应量的上下限，并通过两次单侧 t 检验评估是否能拒绝那些被认为具有实际意义的效应（Schuirmann, 1972; Lakens et al., 2018; 2020）。
相关术语: Equivalence bounds, Falsification, Frequentist analyses, Inference by confidence intervals, Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST), Smallest effect size of interest (SESOI), TOSTER, TOST procedure.
参考文献:
- Lakens, D., Scheel, A. M., & Isager, P. M. (2018). Equivalence testing for psychological research: A tutorial. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1(2), 259–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918770963
- Lakens, D., McLatchie, N., Isager, P. M., Scheel, A. M., & Dienes, Z. (2020). Improving inferences about null effects with Bayes factors and equivalence tests. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 75(1), 45–57. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby065
- Schuirmann, D. J. (1987). A comparison of the two one-sided tests procedure and the power approach for assessing the equivalence of average bioavailability. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, 15, 657–680. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01068419
原稿作者: Charlotte R. Pennington
审阅者: Bradley Baker, James E. Bartlett, Jamie P. Cockcroft, Tobias Wingen, Flávio Azevedo
翻译者: AI-driven translation tool "TransFlow" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)
译稿审阅者: Xuejun Ryan Ji, Liangjie Chen, Ruoting Liu, Shuxian Jin