统计功效 [Statistical power]

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定义: 统计功效是指当备择假设为真时，统计检验正确拒绝零假设时的长期概率。其取值范围为0至1，常以百分比表示。功效可基于所选显著性水平（α）、效应量及样本量进行估算。其主要应用包括：(1) 先验功效分析：旨在确定在特定效应量下，达到预期功效水平（如 X%）所需的样本量；(2) 敏感性分析：旨在评估在给定样本量和显著性水平下，能够以特定功效水平（如 X%）检测到的效应量大小。

相关术语: Effect Size, Meta-analysis, Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST), Power Analysis, Positive Predictive Value, Quantitative research, Sample size, Significance criterion (alpha), Type I error, Type II error

参考文献:

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原稿作者: Thomas Rhys Evans

审阅者: James E. Bartlett, Jamie P. Cockcroft, Adrien Fillon, Emma Henderson, Tamara Kalandadze, William Ngiam, Catia M. Oliveira, Charlotte R. Pennington, Graham Reid, Martin Vasilev, Qinyu Xiao, Flávio Azevedo

翻译者: AI-driven translation tool "TransFlow" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)

译稿审阅者: Yu Xu, Liangjie Chen, Ruoting Liu, Xiujuan Wen, Shuxian Jin