自下而上的方法（用于开放学术） [Bottom-up approach (to Open Scholarship)]
定义: 在学术文化中，“自下而上”的方法强调学者出于内在兴趣推动研究质量和文化的提升，例如营造支持性、协作性、创造性和包容性的环境。 这种方法通常表现为早期职业研究人员作为变革者，通过热情和创新推动科研方法的转变，有别于由资深研究人员发起的“自上而下”式变革。“‘自下而上’的方法会考虑具体情况的特殊性，通常以实证数据、亲身经验、个体叙述和实际环境为出发点，来制定相应的政策解决方案。”
相关术语: Early Career Researchers (ECRs), Grassroot initiatives
参考文献:
- Button, K. S., Lawrence, N. S., Chambers, C. D., & Munafò, M. R. (2016). Instilling scientific rigour at the grassroots. Psychologist, 29(3), 158–159.
- Button, K. S., Chambers, C. D., Lawrence, N., & Munafò, M. R. (2020). Grassroots training for reproducible science: a consortium-based approach to the empirical dissertation. Psychology Learning & Teaching, 19(1), 77–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475725719857659
- Hart, D. D., & Silka, L. (2020). Rebuilding the Ivory Tower: A Bottom-Up Experiment in Aligning Research with Societal Needs. Issues in Science and Technology, 79–85. Retrieved from https://issues.org/aligning-research-with-societal-needs/
- Meslin, E. M. (2009). Achieving global justice in health through global research ethics: supplementing Macklin’s ‘top-down’ approach with one from the ‘ground up’. In R. M. Green, A. Donovan, & S. A. Jauss (Eds.), Global Bioethics: Issues of Conscience for the Twenty-First Century (pp. 163–177). University Press.
- Moran, H., Karlin, L., Lauchlan, E., Rappaport, S. J., Bleasdale, B., Wild, L., & Dorr, J. (2020). Understanding Research Culture: What researchers think about the culture they work in. Wellcome Open Research, 5, 201. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15832.1
- Nosek, B. A. (2019). Strategy for Culture Change. Center for Open Science. https://www.cos.io/blog/strategy-for-culture-change
原稿作者: Catherine Laverty
审阅者: Helena Hartmann, Michele C. Lim, Adam Parker, Charlotte R. Pennington, Birgit Schmidt, Marta Topor, Flávio Azevedo
翻译者: AI-driven translation tool "TransFlow" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)
译稿审阅者: Cathy Fang, Liangjie Chen, Ruoting Liu, Shuxian Jin