贡献 [Contribution]

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定义: 在研究语境下，贡献是指对研究产出的正式补充或参与活动。贡献与贡献者声明（包括期刊论文中的致谢部分等）被附加在研究工作中，旨在更好地分类和认可超越传统“作者身份”范畴的各类智力劳动。贡献是一种不断发展的“用于理解作者身份与知识生产之间关系的数据来源”（Lariviere et al., p.430）。在开源软件开发中，贡献可能体现为通过同行评审（技术上称为“拉取请求”）后提交至项目软件仓库的更改，例如，NumPy（Harris et al., 2020）就是接受这类贡献的典型代表。

相关术语: authorship, CRediT, Semantometrics

参考文献:

  • Knoth, P., & Herrmannova, D. (2014). Towards semantometrics: A new semantic similarity based measure for assessing a research publication’s contribution. D-Lib Magazine, 20(11), 8. https://doi.org/10.1045/november2014-knoth
  • Larivière, V., Desrochers, N., Macaluso, B., Mongeon, P., Paul-Hus, A., & Sugimoto, C. R. (2016). Contributorship and division of labor in knowledge production. Social Studies of Science, 46(3), 417–435. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312716650046
  • Holcombe, A. O. (2019). Contributorship, not authorship: Use CRediT to indicate who did what. Publications, 7(3), 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/publications7030048

原稿作者: Micah Vandegrift

审阅者: Jamie P. Cockcroft, Dominik Kiersz, Michele C. Lim, Leticia Micheli, Sam Parsons, Gerald Vineyard

翻译者: AI-driven translation tool "TransFlow" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)

译稿审阅者: Cathy Fang, Liangjie Chen, Ruoting Liu, Shuxian Jin