错误检测 [Error detection]
定义: 广义而言，错误检测是指对研究数据及论文稿件进行核查以识别报告中存在的错误或不一致现象。常见的方法包括：（1）检查描述性统计中的矛盾（例如，汇总统计量与样本量和测量特质的不匹配；Brown & Heathers, 2017; Heathers et al., 2018）；（2）检查报告的统计数据的矛盾（例如， p 值与F统计量及自由度不符；Epskamp & Nuijten, 2016; Nuijten et al., 2016）；（3）检测图像篡改痕迹（Bik et al., 2016）。错误检测推动了研究人员公开数据和分析代码，以便同行审查研究结果，或对已发表记录进行必要更正。发现的错误可能引发文章更正或撤稿，然而这类纠错行为往往严重滞后，待错误结论已对后续研究产生深远影响后才得以实施。
相关术语: Research integrity, correction, retraction
参考文献:
- Bik, E. M., Casadevall, A., & Fang, F. C. (2016). The prevalence of inappropriate image duplication in biomedical research publications. MBio, 7(3), e00809-16.
- Brown, N. J., & Heathers, J. A. (2017). The grim test: A simple technique detects numerous anomalies in the reporting of results in psychology. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(4), 363–369.
- Epskamp, S., & Nuijten, M. B. (2016). statcheck: Extract statistics from articles and recompute p values. Retrieved from http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=statcheck
- Heathers, J. A., Anaya, J., van der Zee, T., & Brown, N. J. (2018). Recovering data from summary statistics: Sample Parameter Reconstruction via Iterative TEchniques (SPRITE). PeerJ Preprints, 6, e26968v1. https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.26968v1
- Nuijten, M. B., Hartgerink, C. H., van Assen, M. A., Epskamp, S., & Wicherts, J. M. (2016). The prevalence of statistical reporting errors in psychology (1985–2013). Behavior Research Methods, 48(4), 1205–1226.
- Retraction Watch. (n.d.). Retraction Watch. Retraction Watch. https://retractionwatch.com/
原稿作者: William Ngiam
审阅者: Ali H. Al-Hoorie, Jamie P. Cockcroft, Dominik Kiersz, Sam Parsons, Suzanne L. K. Stewart, Marta Topor
翻译者: AI-driven translation tool "TransFlow" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)
译稿审阅者: Xuejun Ryan Ji, Liangjie Chen, Ruoting Liu, Shuxian Jin