零假设显著性检验方法 [Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST)]
定义: 一种频率学派的推断方法，用于检验观察到的效应与零假设（即无效应或无关系）的概率（Pernet, 2015）。该结论是通过p值这一指标得出的。具体来说，当研究人员设定的先验α阈值满足时，便可得出存在效应的结论，该阈值决定了可接受的不确定性水平，并与一类错误密切相关。
相关术语: Inference, P-value, Statistical significance, Type I error
参考文献:
- Lakens, D., Scheel, A. M., & Isager, P. M. (2018). Equivalence testing for psychological research: A tutorial. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1(2), 259–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918770963
- Pernet, C. R. (2015). Null hypothesis significance testing: a short tutorial. F1000Research, 4, 621. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6963.3
- Spence, J. R., & Stanley, D. J. (2018). Concise, simple, and not wrong: In search of a short-hand interpretation of statistical significance. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2185. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02185
原稿作者: Alaa AlDoh
审阅者: Jamie P. Cockcroft, Annalise A. LaPlume, Charlotte R. Pennington, Sonia Rishi
翻译者: AI-driven translation tool "TransFlow" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)
译稿审阅者: Xinyu Wang, Liangjie Chen, Ruoting Liu, Shuxian Jin