预注册 [Preregistration]

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定义: 预注册是指在数据收集或分析之前，预先公布研究方案的行为，公布内容包括研究问题/假设、研究设计和数据分析计划等。该方法同样适用于二次数据分析（Merten & Krypotos, 2019）。预注册文件将加盖时间戳，通常由独立机构（如存储库）存证，以便后续公开共享（或经过一段封锁期后公开）。预注册能透明记录特定时间节点的研究计划，便于第三方评估后续可能出现的变更。预注册内容越详细，第三方就越能准确评估这些变更及其对分析效度的影响。其核心目的在于明确区分验证性研究与探索性研究。

相关术语: Confirmation bias, Confirmatory analyses, Exploratory Data Analysis, HARKing, Pre-analysis plan, Questionable Research Practices or Questionable Reporting Practices (QRPs), Registered Report, Research Protocol, Transparency

参考文献:

  • Haven, T. L., & Van Grootel, L. (2019). Preregistering qualitative research. Accountability in Research, 26(3), 229–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/08989621.2019.1580147
  • Lewandowsky, S., & Bishop, D. (2016). Research integrity: Don’t let transparency damage science. Nature News, 529(7587), 459. https://doi.org/10.1038/529459a
  • Mertens, G., & Krypotos, A. M. (2019). Preregistration of analyses of preexisting data. Psychologica Belgica, 59(1), 338.
  • Navarro, D. (2020). Paths in strange spaces: A comment on preregistration.
  • Nosek, B. A., Ebersole, C. R., DeHaven, A. C., & Mellor, D. T. (2018). The preregistration revolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(11), 2600–2606. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708274114
  • Simmons, J., Nelson, L., & Simonsohn, U. (2021). Pre‐registration: Why and how. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 31(1), 151–162. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcpy.1208

原稿作者: Mahmoud Elsherif

审阅者: Gisela H. Govaart, Helena Hartmann, Tina Lonsdorf, William Ngiam, Eike Mark Rinke, Lisa Spitzer, Olmo van den Akker, Flávio Azevedo

翻译者: AI-driven translation tool "TransFlow" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)

译稿审阅者: Zixi Wang, Liangjie Chen, Ruoting Liu, Shuxian Jin