马太效应（科学领域） [Matthew effect (in science)]
定义: 马太效应得名于《马太福音》中“富者愈富，穷者愈穷”的释义。杰出科学家以及获得卓越奖学金的早期职业研究人员通常因其科学贡献获得更多荣誉和资助；而名不见经传的研究人员，即便贡献相当，往往只能获得更少的认可。马太效应的影响是一种显著的累积优势，它源自于最初微小的相对优势（反之亦然）。
相关术语: Matthew effect in education, Stigler’s law of eponymy
参考文献:
- Bol, T., de Vaan, M., & van de Rijt, A. (2018). The Matthew effect in science funding. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(19), 4887–4890. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719557115
- Bornmann, L., Ganser, C., Tekles, A., & Leydesdorff, L. (2019). Does the hα index reinforce the Matthew effect in science? Agent-based simulations using Stata and R. arXiv preprint https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.11052.
- Merton, R. K. (1968). The Matthew Effect in Science. Science, 159(3810), 56–63. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.159.3810.56
原稿作者: Tamara Kalandadze
审阅者: Bradley Baker, Tsvetomira Dumbalska, Mahmoud Elsherif, Matt Jaquiery, Charlotte R. Pennington
翻译者: AI-driven translation tool "TransFlow" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)
译稿审阅者: Xinyu Wang, Liangjie Chen, Ruoting Liu, Shuxian Jin