S类错误 [Type S error]

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定义: S类错误指研究者对效应方向的误判：认为观察效应与实际效应方向相反（例如，将正向效应误判为负向）。

相关术语: Statistical power, Type M error, Type I error, Type II error

参考文献:

  • Gelman, A., & Carlin, J. (2014). Beyond Power Calculations: Assessing Type S (Sign) and Type M (Magnitude) Errors. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9(6), 641–651. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614551642
  • Lu, J., Qiu, Y., & Deng, A. (2018). A note on Type S/M errors in hypothesis testing. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 72(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/bmsp.12132

原稿作者: Eduardo Garcia-Garzon

审阅者: Helena Hartmann, Sam Parsons, Graham Reid, Mirela Zaneva

翻译者: AI-driven translation tool "TransFlow" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)

译稿审阅者: Yu Xu, Liangjie Chen, Ruoting Liu, Xiujuan Wen, Shuxian Jin