Z曲线 [Z-Curve]
定义: Z分数计算是一种统计方法，主要用于估算一组研究报告的“估计重复率”（Estimated Replication Rate，简称ERR）和“预期发现率”（Expected Discovery Rate，简称EDR）。对于一组具有统计显著性的研究，其Z曲线计算过程包括：将报告的p值转换为Z分数，将有限混合模型拟合到这些Z分数的分布上，并基于该混合模型估算平均统计功效。该计算可通过R语言的一个专用包zcurve实现（https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/zcurve/index.html）。
相关术语: Altmetrics, File drawer ratio, P-curve, P-hacking, Replication, Statistical power
参考文献:
- Bartoš, F., & Schimmack, U. (2020). Z-Curve 2.0: Estimating replication rates and discovery rates. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/urgtn
- Brunner, J., & Schimmack, U. (2020). Estimating population mean power under conditions of heterogeneity and selection for significance. Meta-Psychology, 4, MP.2018.874. https://doi.org/10.15626/MP.2018.874
原稿作者: Bradley J. Baker
审阅者: Kamil Izydorczak, Sam Parsons, Charlotte R. Pennington, Mirela Zaneva
翻译者: AI-driven translation tool "TransFlow" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)
译稿审阅者: Yu Xu, Liangjie Chen, Ruoting Liu, Xiujuan Wen, Shuxian Jin