Authorship
Definition: Authorship assigns credit for research outputs (e.g. manuscripts, data, and software) and accountability for content (McNutt et al. 2018; Patience et al. 2019). Conventions differ across disciplines, cultures, and even research groups, in their expectations of what efforts earn authorship, what the order of authorship signifies (if anything), how much accountability for the research the corresponding author assumes, and the extent to which authors are accountable for aspects of the work that they did not personally conduct.
Related terms: Co-authorship, Consortium authorship, Contributorship, CRediT, First-last-author-emphasis norm (FLAE), Gift (or Guest) Authorship, Sequence-determines-credit approach (SDC)
References:
- Academies, A. A. E. (2017). The European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity. Revised Edition. Retrieved from https://allea.org/code-of-conduct/
- German Research Foundation. (2019). Guidelines for Safeguarding Good Research Practice. Code of Conduct.
- McNutt, M. K., Bradford, M., Drazen, J. M., Hanson, B., Howard, B., Jamieson, K. H., Kiermer, V., Marcus, E., Pope, B. K., Schekman, R., Swaminathan, S., Stang, P. J., & Verma, I. M. (2018). Transparency in authorsâ contributions and responsibilities to promote integrity in scientific publication. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115(11), 2557â2560. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1715374115
- Patience, G. S., Galli, F., Patience, P. A., & Boffito, D. C. (2019). Intellectual contributions meriting authorship: Survey results from the top cited authors across all science categories. PLoS One, 14(1), e0198117. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198117
Drafted and Reviewed by: Jacob Miranda, Bradley Baker, Brett J. Gall, Matt Jaquiery, Charlotte R. Pennington, FlĂĄvio Azevedo, Birgit Schmidt, Yuki Yamada