HARKing
Definition: A questionable research practice termed ‘Hypothesizing After the Results are Known’ (HARKing). “HARKing is defined as presenting a post hoc hypothesis (i.e., one based on or informed by one’s results) in a research report as if it was, in fact, a priori ” (Kerr, 1998, p. 196). For example, performing subgroup analyses, finding an effect in one subgroup, and writing the introduction with a ‘hypothesis’ that matches these results.
Related terms: Analytic Flexibility, Confirmatory analyses, Exploratory data analysis, Fudging, Garden of forking paths, P-hacking, Questionable Research Practices or Questionable Reporting Practices (QRPs)
Reference: Kerr (1998); Nosek and Lakens (2014)
Drafted and Reviewed by: Beatrix Arendt, Matt Jaquiery, Charlotte R. Pennington, Martin Vasilev, Flávio Azevedo