Type S error
Definition: A Type S error occurs when a researcher concludes that an effect was observed with an opposite sign than real one. For example, a type S error occurs when a researcher claims that a positive effect was observed when it is negative in reality or vice versa.
Related terms: Statistical power, Type M error, Type I error, Type II error
References:
- Gelman, A., & Carlin, J. (2014). Beyond Power Calculations: Assessing Type S (Sign) and Type M (Magnitude) Errors. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9(6), 641â651. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614551642
- Lu, J., Qiu, Y., & Deng, A. (2018). A note on Type S/M errors in hypothesis testing. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 72(1), 1â17. https://doi.org/10.1111/bmsp.12132
Drafted and Reviewed by: Eduardo Garcia-Garzon, Helena Hartmann, Sam Parsons, Graham Reid, Mirela Zaneva