Bilime Duyulan Toplumsal Güven [Public Trust in Science]

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Tanım: Bilim insanları tarafından üretilen veya sağlanan ve sivil toplumun yararına sunulan bilgiye, rehberliğe ve önerilere duyulan güven (Hendriks vd., 2016). Bunlar aynı zamanda halk sağlığına ilişkin bilim temelli tavsiyelere (örn., evrensel sağlık hizmeti, kök hücre araştırmaları, kadınların üreme hakları için federal fonlar, bulaşıcı hastalıkların önleyici tedbirleri ve aşılama), iklim değişikliğine, ekonomik politikalara (örn., refah, eşitsizlik ve yoksullukla mücadele) ve bunların kesişim noktalarına duyulan güveni de kastedebilir. Bir bireyin bilime duyduğu güvenin; yaş (Anderson vd., 2012), cinsiyet (Von Roten, 2004), bilimsel normların reddi (Lewandowsky ve Oberauer, 2021), politik ideoloji (Azevedo ve Jost, 2021; Brewer ve Ley, 2012; Leiserowitz vd., 2010), sağ eğilimli otoriterlik ve sosyal baskınlık (Kerr ve Wilson, 2021), eğitim (Bak, 2001; Hayes ve Tariq, 2000), gelir (Anderson vd., 2012), bilim bilgisi (Evans ve Durant, 1995; Nisbet vd., 2002), sosyal medya kullanımı (Huber vd., 2019) ve dindarlık (Azevedo, 2021; Brewer ve Ley, 2013; Liu ve Priest, 2009) gibi çok sayıda faktörden etkilendiği gösterilmiştir.

İlgili terimler: Credibility of scientific claims, Epistemic Trust

Kaynakça:

  • Anderson, M. S., Ronning, E. A., Devries, R., & Martinson, B. C. (2010). Extending the Mertonian norms: Scientists’ subscription to norms of research. Journal of Higher Education, 81(3), 366–393. https://doi.org/10.1353/jhe.0.0095
  • Azevedo, F., & Jost, J. T. (2021). The ideological basis of antiscientific attitudes: Effects of authoritarianism, conservatism, religiosity, social dominance, and system justification. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 24(4), 518–549. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430221990104
  • Bak, H.-J. (2001). Education and Public Attitudes toward Science: Implications for the ‘Deficit Model’ of Education and Support for Science and Technology. Social Science Quarterly, 82(4), 779–795. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42955760
  • Brewer, P. R., & Ley, B. L. (2013). Whose Science Do You Believe? Explaining Trust in Sources of Scientific Information About the Environment. Science Communication, 35(1), 115–137. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547012441691
  • Evans, G., & Durant, J. (1995). The relationship between knowledge and attitudes in the public understanding of science in Britain. Public Understanding of Science, 4(1), 57–74. https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/4/1/004
  • Hayes, B. C., & Tariq, V. N. (2000). Gender differences in scientific knowledge and attitudes toward science: A comparative study of four Anglo-American nations. Public Understanding of Science, 9(4), 433–447. https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/9/4/306
  • Hendriks, F., Kienhues, D., & Bromme, R. (2016). Trust in science and the science of trust. Trust and Communication in a Digitized World, 143–159.
  • Huber, B., Barnidge, M., Gil de Zúñiga, H., & Liu, J. (2019). Fostering public trust in science: The role of social media. Public Understanding of Science, 28(7), 759–777. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662519869097
  • Kerr, J. R., & Wilson, M. S. (2021). Right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation predict rejection of science and scientists. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 24(4), 550–567. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430221992126
  • Lewandowsky, S., & Oberauer, K. (2021). Worldview-motivated rejection of science and the norms of science. Cognition, 215, 104820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104820
  • Liu, H., & Priest, S. (2009). Understanding public support for stem cell research: Media communication, interpersonal communication and trust in key actors. Public Understanding of Science, 18(6), 704–718. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662508097625
  • Nisbet, M. C., Scheufele, D. A., Shanahan, J., Moy, P., Brossard, D., & Lewenstein, B. V. (2002). Knowledge, Reservations, or Promise?: A Media Effects Model for Public Perceptions of Science and Technology. Communication Research, 29(5), 584–608. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365002236196
  • Schneider, J., Merk, S., & Rosman, T. (2019). (Re)Building Trust? Investigating the effects of open science badges on perceived trustworthiness in journal articles. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/VGBRS
  • Wingen, T., Berkessel, J. B., & Englich, B. (2020). No Replication, No Trust? How Low Replicability Influences Trust in Psychology. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550619877412

Hazırlayanlar ve Denetleyenler: Tobias Wingen; Flávio Azevedo, Elias Garcia-Pelegrin, Helena Hartmann, Catia M. Oliveira, Olmo van den Akker