Type S error

Definition: A Type S error occurs when a researcher concludes that an effect was observed with an opposite sign than real one. For example, a type S error occurs when a researcher claims that a positive effect was observed when it is negative in reality or vice versa.

Related terms: Statistical power, Type I error, Type II error, Type M error

References: Gelman and Carlin (2014), & Lu et al. (2018)

Drafted and Reviewed by: Eduardo Garcia-Garzon, Helena Hartmann, Sam Parsons, Graham Reid, Mirela Zaneva

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