FORRT
Re-SearchTerms
Explore, Compare, and Contribute Research Definitions
Open Scholarship · Multilingual · Community-driven

Explore how research concepts are defined across sources

Re-SearchTerms compares definitions of terms related to research and open scholarship across the FORRT Glossary, Wiktionary, and academic publications — in English, German, and Chinese. Contribute definitions, annotate existing ones, and help build a living multilingual dataset.

✦ Join as a contributor — submit source-based definitions in English, German, or Chinese; translate definitions from existing sources; or annotate and verify existing entries. All contributors are publicly recognised.

Terms
Definitions
English
German
Chinese
Dataset
Browse and filter the full database of terms and definitions.
Open Dataset →
Word-Level Analysis
Examine wording patterns and co-occurrence structures across definitions of a concept.
Open Word-Level →
Definition-Level Analysis
Compare individual definitions and inspect semantic similarity across sources.
Open Definition-Level →
Term-Level Analysis
Explore relationships between concepts through co-occurrence, clustering, and lexical diversity.
Open Term-Level →
  • Compare how the same concept is defined across different sources
  • Identify when similar labels refer to different meanings
  • Inspect semantic similarity using embedding-based analyses
  • Support careful terminology choices in research writing
  • Contribute definitions and expand multilingual coverage
Video Tutorials
Watch our guided walkthroughs of every feature

Word-Level Analysis

Explore word-frequency and word co-occurrence patterns across definitions of a selected term. This static version uses precomputed cleaned tokens from the original Shiny dataset and renders everything directly in the browser.

Interpretation: Word co-occurrence means two pre-processed words appear together in the same definition. Edge thickness reflects how many definitions contain both words. Node and edge colours reflect the term-level cluster the selected term belongs to — enabling visual consistency across the word-level, definition-level, and term-level views. This is a lexical co-occurrence view, not a measure of semantic similarity.
Select a term
Loading word-level data…

Definition-Level Network

Explore relationships between definitions of the same term. Definitions are connected by precomputed SBERT sentence-embedding cosine similarity edges. Live multilingual definitions are also connected using SBERT cosine similarity in real time. Node border colour reflects the term-level cluster the term belongs to, consistent with the Word-Level and Term-Level views.

💡 How to use this view: Select a term above to load its definition network. Each node is one definition — click it to see full text, source, language, and metadata in the panel on the right. Each edge connects two definitions whose text has a cosine similarity above the minimum threshold — click an edge to see the similarity score. Node shape indicates source: circle = FORRT/community, diamond = Wiktionary, square = IGI. Node border colour reflects the term's lexical cluster (consistent with Word-Level and Term-Level views). ⭐ star prefix means the definition has at least one community annotation. Use Language and Source filters to focus on a subset. Adjust Minimum similarity to show fewer (higher) or more (lower) edges.
★ FORRT / glossary △ Wiktionary ■ IGI / publisher dictionary ◆ Community submitted Green border = source checked Orange border = flagged/source mismatch ⭐ label = annotated/source-checked
Choose a term to load the definition network.

Term-Level Analysis

Explore relationships between terms using three static browser-based modes converted from the Shiny app: word co-occurrence, clustering, and types–tokens–TTR.

Loading term network…
Loading clustering graph…
Loading types–tokens graph…

Community Dashboard

A live overview of contributor activity, submitted definitions, annotations, multilingual coverage, and public contributor profiles.

Contribution score: 3 × submitted definitions + 2 × annotations. The score is only a navigation aid; contributor cards and activity records provide the transparent scholarly record.
Contributors
Definitions submitted
Annotations
Languages covered
Loading community dashboard…
💡

How to use: Search or filter terms using the controls below. Click any term card to open a panel showing all available definitions across sources — including FORRT, Wiktionary, and community contributions. Use + Contribute to submit a new definition for that term.

Can’t find a term? Suggest a new term and submit its first source-based definition.
Loading terms…

Video Tutorials

Learn how to explore the Re-SearchTerms database, compare definitions, contribute new definitions, annotate existing entries, and participate in the community project.

Getting Started with Re-SearchTerms

New to the project? Start with this introductory video before exploring the dataset and contributing definitions.


Full Tutorial Playlist

Planned Tutorials

  • Searching and comparing definitions
  • Submitting a new definition
  • Annotating an existing definition
  • Suggesting a new term
  • Understanding term networks
  • Understanding definition networks
  • Using the contributor dashboard

About Re-SearchTerms

Re-SearchTerms is an interactive platform designed for exploring how research terms in open scholarship, metascience, and research practice are defined across different sources.

The platform enables you to compare definitions, examine relationships between terms and definitions, and analyse patterns in the language used to describe core concepts in research.

From a Research Tool to a Living Platform

Re-SearchTerms was originally developed as part of the doctoral dissertation of Anna Yi Leung, which examined conceptual variability and terminological ambiguity in open scholarship and psychological science.

The current version represents an expanded and evolving platform that builds on this initial work. It integrates a set of larger, more diverse, and multilingual definitions. It also introduces new analytical features (e.g., word-level, definition-level, and embedding-based analyses), and improves the interactivity and accessibility of the original application.

Rather than a static resource, Re-SearchTerms is being developed as a living and expanding terminology platform that encourages the community to contribute to data curation and feature design that benefits open education. The project goal is to support continuous reflection, discussion, and refinement of how key research concepts are defined and used across disciplines.

Collaboration with FORRT

Re-SearchTerms is currently developed in collaboration with the Framework for Open and Reproducible Research Training (FORRT).

This app incorporates terminology curated by FORRT (the FORRT Glossary) alongside other sources (e.g., Wiktionary and academic publications), enabling users to explore how definitions vary across communities and contexts.

Ongoing development aims to further expand the dataset, introduce new features, and support community contributions, making the platform a shared resource for researchers, educators, and practitioners. We are currently recruiting community contributors to submit new definitions to expand our dataset, as well as to annotate existing definitions to provide further contextual information for research, teaching, and learning. We are also recruiting pedagogical evaluators to provide feedback on the platform's features for facilitating its pedagogical utility. We welcome researchers and students of all levels across the globe to join our Slack channel on FORRT (#re-searchterms) to get our project's latest news, and sign up as a contributor!

Citation

The conceptualisation and development of the initial form of Re-SearchTerms has been reported and published in Meta-Psychology If you use Re-SearchTerms in any form, please cite our paper:

Anna Yi Leung, Daniel Kristanto, & Xenia Schmalz. (2026, accepted). Re-SearchTerms: A Shiny app for exploring terminology variations in psychology and metascience. Meta-Psychology.

Project Personnel

Project LeadAnna Yi Leung — Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany
Co-Project LeadDr. Daniel Kristanto — Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Germany

Our project is open to collaboration, and additional contributors may be acknowledged as the platform evolves. If you have any project ideas, or if we could support your current projects in any way, please feel free to reach out to us.

Acknowledgements

The initial development of Re-SearchTerms was supported by the META-REP Priority Programme and the German Research Foundation (DFG). We thank Dr. Xenia Schmalz for her contributions to the initial version of the app. The current version represents an independent, expanded development. We thank Dr. Flavio Azevedo (Director of FORRT) and Dr. Lukas Wallrich (Co-Chair of FORRT) for their technical feedback and for supporting the integration of the project within FORRT.

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