Feeling the future: Experimental evidence for anomalous retroactive influences on cognition and affect
Has this study been replicated?
The atlas records 8 replications of this study. Recorded outcomes: 7 failed, 1 mixed. The earliest on record is from 2011.
Replications
- Correcting the past: Failures to replicate psi, Galak et al. (2012). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Outcome recorded: failed.
We failed to replicate that finding.
Outcome read from the abstract. View paper - Failing the Future: Three Unsuccessful Attempts to Replicate Bem's 'Retroactive Facilitation of Recall' Effect, Ritchie et al. (2012). PLoS ONE. Outcome recorded: failed.
All three replication attempts failed to produce significant effects (combined n = 150; combined p = .83, one-tailed) and thus do not support the existence of psychic ability.
Outcome read from the abstract. View paper - Metascientific replication project with the advanced meta-experimental protocol of the transparent psi project procedures for testing the precognitive effect claimed by Bem, Walleczek et al. (2025). PLOS One. Outcome recorded: mixed.
Study 1 failed to replicate the precognitive effect. Study 2 confirmed this exploratory result using a high-powered replication design.
Outcome read from the abstract. View paper - Failure to replicate retrocausal recall, Barušs & Rabier (2014). Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice. Outcome recorded: failed.
We found no evidence for retroactive facilitation of recall and no correlations of the difference score with any personality measures.
Outcome read from the abstract. View paper - Two Replication Studies of a Time-Reversed (Psi) Priming Task and the Role of Expectancy in Reaction Times, Schlitz et al. (2021). Journal of Scientific Exploration. Outcome recorded: failed.
In sum, the pre-registered confirmatory hypotheses were not supported.
Outcome read from the abstract. View paper - An Agenda for Purely Confirmatory Research, Wagenmakers et al. (2012). Perspectives on Psychological Science. Outcome recorded: failed.
It is clear that the evidence in favor of H0 increases as more participants are tested and the number of sessions increases. With the default prior, the data are 16.6 times more likely under H0 than under H1; with the "knowledge-based prior" from Bem, Utts, and Johnson (2011), the data are 6.2 times more likely under H0 than under H1
Outcome read from p. 636. View paper - Examining implicit beliefs in a replication attempt of a time-reversed priming task, Schlitz & Delorme (2021). F1000Research. Outcome recorded: failed.
Overall the study failed to replicate Bem's original findings. None of the hypotheses were verified except for Hypothesis IV of an interaction between participant-experimenter interaction and IAT effects.
Outcome read from the discussion. View paper - Results from a Conrmatory Replication Study of Bem (2011): Precognitive Detection of Erotic Stimuli?, Wagenmakers et al. (2011). Outcome recorded: failed.
There is no relation between extraversion scores and performance on erotic pictures
Outcome read from the full text.
Cite this record
Bem, D. J. (2011). Feeling the future: Experimental evidence for anomalous retroactive influences on cognition and affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(3), 407–425. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021524
Other studies in the atlas
Failed replications · Successful replications · All browse pages