The Pen Is Mightier Than the Keyboard
Has this study been replicated?
The atlas records 2 replications of this study. Recorded outcomes: 1 mixed, 1 failed. The earliest on record is from 2019.
Replications
- How Much Mightier Is the Pen than the Keyboard for Note-Taking? A Replication and Extension of Mueller and Oppenheimer (2014), Morehead et al. (2019). Educational Psychology Review. Outcome recorded: mixed.
Some trends suggested longhand superiority; however, performance did not consistently differ between any groups (experiments 1 and 2)
Outcome read from the abstract. View paper - Don't Ditch the Laptop Just Yet: A Direct Replication of Mueller and Oppenheimer's (2014) Study 1 Plus Mini Meta-Analyses Across Similar Studies, Urry et al. (2021). Psychological Science. Outcome recorded: failed.
…in both the original study and our replication, higher word count was associated with better quiz performance, and higher verbatim overlap was associated with worse quiz performance, but the latter finding was not robust in our replication. Overall, results do not support the idea that longhand note taking improves immediate learning via better encoding of information.
Outcome read from the abstract. View paper
Cite this record
Mueller, P. A., & Oppenheimer, D. M. (2014). The Pen Is Mightier Than the Keyboard. Psychological Science, 25(6), 1159–1168. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614524581
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